Stages in the formation of a thunderstorm. Photo by James St. John (flickr, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license, image cropped and resized). The pyrocumulonimbus cloud shown at the arrow was created by heat from the fire. A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest PRI is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Natural variability, changes in irrigation practices, and other diversions of water for human use can influence certain drought-related measurements. By the end of the Permian, the southern ice sheets had disappeared. A couple of field campaigns, including the Arizona-based South-West Monsoon Project (SWAMP, 1993) and the international North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME, 2004), provided a lot of observational data and resulted in a better understanding of the mechanics of the monsoon. Zack and Mike mention that last year was an extremely dry monsoon, and this year is extremely wet. The monsoon starts to develop in Mexico in June, and moves into the U.S. Southwest in July. While the state is generally arid, its high western mountains experience more precipitation each year than the desert southwest and the high northeastern plateau do. Images by Lauren Dauphin, NASA Earth Observatory (used following NASA's image use policy). Photo by Kenneth Carpenter (Wikimedia Commons,Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, image cropped and resized). Reconstruction created using basemap from thePALEOMAP PaleoAtlas for GPlatesand the PaleoData Plotter Program, PALEOMAP Project by C. R. Scotese (2016); map annotations by Jonathan R. Hendricks & Elizabeth J. Hermsen for PRI's[emailprotected]project (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0license). Image adapted from an image by Scenarios for Climate Assessment and Adaptation, first published in The Teacher-Friendly Guide to the Earth Science of the Southwestern US. All rights reserved. A crinoid (Ibexocrinus lepton) from the Ordovician Kanosh Shale, Millard County, Utah. Most models predict a decrease in winter and spring precipitation by the middle of the century, and more frequent precipitation extremes during the last half of the century. Pangaea began to break up during the Jurassic, rifting apart into continents that would drift toward their modern-day positions. As the summer heat builds over North America, a region of high pressure forms over the U.S. Southwest, and the wind becomes more southerly, bringing moisture from the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California. Here at the ENSO Blog, were always curious about the role of ENSO (El Nio/Southern Oscillation, the entire El Nio/La Nia system). Photo by Dr. David Goodrich, NOAA (NOAA Photo Library ID wea04192, NOAA's National Weather Service, via flickr, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license, image cropped and resized). February 2023 ENSO update: the ENSO Blog investigates, part 3, How the pattern of trends across the tropical Pacific Ocean is critical for understanding the future climate, January 2023 La Nia update, and the ENSO Blog investigates, part 2, Albuquerque, NM National Weather Service office, ENSO does influence Pacific tropical storms, Tucson recorded its wettest month ever this July, Monsoon causes deadly flash flood in Arizona, Images of CO2 emissions and transport from the Vulcan project, TreeFlow: Streamflow Reconstructions from Tree Rings. Kppen climate map of the 48 contiguous states of the continental United States. Did La Nia drench the Southwest United States in early winter 2022/23? Brown indicates areas where experts forecast drought will persist or worsen.
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