The charophytes are the closest living relatives to land plants and resemble them in morphology and reproductive strategies. Answer and Explanation: 1 The individual, oblong, cells that make up the filament strands are 10-100 micrometers in length. If this occurs, the spores germinate to form ameboid or flagellate haploid cells that can combine with each other and produce a diploid zygotic slime mold to complete the life cycle. They can account for most renewable biomasses on earth that can be converted into fuel. Figure 1. It resists outward turgor pressure and controls the rate and direction of growth. It is a single-celled eukaryote belonging to kingdom Protista and is a well-known genus of ciliate protozoa. Spirogyras are common free-floating freshwater algae that inhabit ponds, pools, tanks, lakes, ditches, etc. The chlorophyte Volvox is one of only a few examples of a colonial organism, which behaves in some ways like a collection of individual cells, but in other ways like the specialized cells of a multicellular organism (Figure 23.11). Alternate titles: Spirogyra, mermaids tresses, pond scum, water-silk. Comments (0) Answer & Explanation. A major outcome was widespread support among botanists and zoologists for considering living organisms as constituting five separate kingdoms, four of which were placed in what was conceived of as the superkingdom Eukaryota (Protista, Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi); the fifth kingdom, Monera, constituted the superkingdom Prokaryota. The group includes a variety of modified mitochondria, as well as chloroplasts derived from green algae by secondary endosymbiosis. Spirogyra characteristics include their filamentous shape, which means long and thin. During unfavorable growth conditions, the cytoplasmic content of the cell shrinks and looses water, developing a hard covering around the cell, resulting in the formation of spores. Large numbers of marine dinoflagellates (billions or trillions of cells per wave) can emit light and cause an entire breaking wave to twinkle or take on a brilliant blue color (Figure 23.22). We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The gametes fuse to form a zygote that grows into a diploid sporophyte. Each of the supergroups is believed to be monophyletic, meaning that all organisms within each supergroup are believed to have evolved from a single common ancestor, and thus all members are most closely related to each other than to organisms outside that group. Starfish Anatomy & Characteristics | What are the Different Types of Starfish? Volvox: Classification, Characteristics with Diagram, Life Cycle and NCERT Class 9 Science Lab Manual - Plant Kingdom - CBSE Tuts By beating their cilia synchronously or in waves, ciliates can coordinate directed movements and ingest food particles.
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