A stimulant is a psychoactive drug that operates by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapses of the CNS. When people are intoxicated, they become more self-focused and less aware of the social situation. Long-term, chronic heroin use may also result in the deterioration of some of the brains white matter, which can negatively impact the way a person responds to stress, regulates emotions, and makes decisions, NIDA publishes. Graham, K., Osgood, D. W., Wells, S., & Stockwell, T. (2006). Furthermore, your mood and behavior change, too. Supporting the hypothesis that risk tolerance is related to smoking, Lejuez et al. Some depressants include alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Psychotropic Drugs | Encyclopedia.com The number of pumps that participants take is used as a measure of their tolerance for risk. Many depressant medications also have the potential to be addictive. Additionally, some drugs, such as cocaine, have an association with potentially serious side effects, including heart attack and sudden death. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. However, the faster the drug is absorbed, the faster the effects subside. Cigarette smokers who try to quit, for example, experience physical withdrawal symptoms, such as becoming tired and irritable, as well as extreme psychological cravings to enjoy a cigarette in particular situations, such as after a meal or when they are with friends. Chapter 6 Define psychopharmacology and psychoactive drug. The drugs that produce the most extreme alteration of consciousness are the hallucinogens, psychoactive drugs that alter sensation and perception and that may create hallucinations. For these reasons, stimulants are frequently used to help people stay awake and to control weight. Irritability. Symptoms of opioid withdrawal include diarrhea, insomnia, restlessness, irritability, and vomiting, all accompanied by a strong craving for the drug. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is found in humans and other mammals and consists of different endocannabinoids. (2009). It can make someone feel calm, relaxed, or euphoric. This class of psychoactive drugs includes ketamine and PCP (phenyl cyclohexyl piperidine or phencyclidine).
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